Pharmacotherapy For Social Anxiety Disorder An Update' title='Pharmacotherapy For Social Anxiety Disorder An Update' />Bipolar disorder BD in later life is a complex and confounding neuropsychiatric syndrome with diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.Pharmacotherapy For Social Anxiety Disorder An Update' title='Pharmacotherapy For Social Anxiety Disorder An Update' />Play Therapy A Case based Example of a Nondirective Approachby Timothy Lawver, DO, and Kelly Blankenship, DOFrom the Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio.Psychiatry Edgemont 2.Editors Note All cases presented in the series Psychotherapy Rounds are composites constructed to illustrate teaching and learning points and are not meant to represent actual persons in treatment.Series Editor. Paulette M.Gillig, MD, Ph. D, Professor of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry,Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio.Abstract. Play therapy is a treatment modality in which the therapist engages in play with the child.Its use has been documented in a variety of settings and with a variety of diagnoses.Treating within the context of play brings the therapist and the therapy to the level of the child.By way of an introduction to this approach, a case is presented of a six year old boy with oppositional defiant disorder.The presentation focuses on the events and interactions of a typical session with an established patient.The primary issues of the session are aggression, self worth, and self efficacy.These themes manifest themselves through the content of the childs play and narration of his actions.The therapist then reflects these back to the child while gently encouraging the child toward more positive play.Though the example is one of nondirective play therapy, a wide range of variation exists under the heading of play therapy.Key Wordsplay, child, axline, childhood, therapy, play therapy, nondirective.INTRODUCTIONIn her original work on the subject of play therapy, Virginia Axline wrote, There is a frankness, and honesty, and a vividness in the way children state themselves in a play situation.As universal as it is mysterious, imaginative play predominates the lives of most young children.More and more, we are identifying and appreciating childhood mental disorders and how they pull children away from normal functioning.This can affect their home lives, academic performances, as well as their play with peers.Play therapy offers a direct route to engage children on their terms, in their world, giving them a chance to, play through what adults talk through.The goal is to identify and address themes that arise in the course of play, although childrens relative strengths and weaknesses do become apparent in terms of cognitive processing and social skills.Studies have shown the effective use of play therapy in children with different psychiatric diagnoses.Using pre test, post test comparison design to evaluate 1.Danger, et al., showed a benefit in improving both receptive and expressive language skills in children with speech difficulties.In theory, the safe practice environment of the therapy provided an environment conducive to working on these areas without exacerbating self esteem and social anxiety issues.An exploratory study of nondirective play therapy with an autistic boy using video analysis of 1.It was the authors opinion in this paper that the therapeutic relationship helped to enhance and accelerate the emotionalsocial development of children with severe autism, as they were able to observe attachment behavior from the child towards the therapist.Legoff and Sherman ran a three year retrospective study on children with autism spectrum disorders involved in LEGO therapy, a play therapy centered around the commercially available building blocks.In a two tiered approach, Robinson, et al., describe using filial play therapy to teach fifth grade students to then be therapeutic change agents in play sessions with kindergarten children identified as having adjustment difficulties.Gold Steinberg and Logan detail the use of psychodynamically oriented play therapy as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy for a child with obsessive compulsive disorder OCD.Virginia Ryan details some of the difficulties and gains in play therapy with a child in transition with serious attachment problems.In another case example, play therapy was used to alleviate anxiety, which was contributing to migraine headaches in a 1.By Timothy Lawver, DO, and Kelly Blankenship, DO From the Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio.Psychiatry. Limitations of SelfDiagnosis Selfdiagnosis of this disorder is often inaccurate.Accurate diagnosis of this disorder requires assessment by a qualified practitioner.Return to Pharmacotherapy Update Index.Introduction. Pregabalin Lyrica Pfizer is classified as a miscellaneous analgesic and anticonvulsant.Pregabalin. In this case, the boy with preexisting migraines began to experience increased anxiety in the wake of the 91.World Trade Center.The tracked symptom was migraine frequency, which had increased with his anxiety.Through play and art he was able to accomplish a resolution of his fears by bringing them to the surface, directly and indirectly in the content of his play and art projects.As his play and art became less dark and fearful, both his subjective anxiety and migraines decreased.In a related case, play therapy was used as treatment for a four year old boy with a psychosomatic postural symptom that resolved quickly over a course of play therapy.A four year old boy had begun tilting his head forward and to the left subsequent to his parents learning of a left kidney defect in his as of yet unborn sister.He also had marked regression in speech and increasingly needy or clingy behavior.Through play the therapist was able to explore his competing themes of aggression toward his younger sister, the new holder of his parents attention, and a fantasy based guilt of having in some way wished his sisters malady into existence.The head tilt, along with the regressive behaviors served as attention seeking behavior.Also, as much of his play involved things being broken, needing to be fixed, and the idea of punishment by being hit on the head, the therapist was able to extrapolate that the symptoms also served as self punishment.By repeating these themes in the face of safe, gentle correction by the therapist, all symptoms resolved for the most part within four sessions.Snow, et al., described two case studies followed over a six week period.One case was a three year old boy brought in by his grandmother for increasing aggressive behavior and violent tantrums.The other case was that of a six year old boy showing regressive behavior in imitation of and perhaps competition with his younger, disabled brother.The caregiver filled out the Child Behavior Checklist of Thomas M.Achenbach and Craig Edelbrock so that the authors could track the course of behavioral outcomes.The authors tracked the themes present in play from session one to session six based on a standard format. 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Of note was that changes in play themes in therapy were paralleled by changes in behavior at home.Outside of the context of specific psychiatric diagnoses, play therapy has been used in a variety of other settings.Scott, et al., conducted a 1.Here client centered refers to a slight variation in how the play therapy session is run, although the overall format still consists of play based on themes and interests initiated by the child.However, their findings showed only mixed support for the use of play therapy in this setting.A pre test and post test assessment battery were completed both by the patient and the primary caregiver.Many subjects showed a trend toward clinical improvement 8 of 2.Reliable Change Index formula failed to show a statistical difference.Baggerly advocates for the use of play therapy with homeless children to help them gain in fantasy what they long for in reality.Mullen, et al., explored the use of play therapy with young people, facing transitions as a result of relocation.He presents a case study of a middle schoolage girl upset by her familys move to a more affluent neighborhood.She was able to work through the effects of this relocation and come to terms with the change through bringing the material up in the context of play therapy.In another study, play therapy was used in the preoperative period to reduce state anxiety scored in children.Li, Lopez, and Lee found a reduction in state anxiety scores and fewer negative emotions at induction of anesthesia.Two hundred and three children admitted for day surgery were randomly assigned to experimental or control groups.In the experimental group, the children received therapeutic play while the control group received routine information preparation.The authors found a reduction in state anxiety scores and fewer negative emotions at induction of anesthesia.
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Canon Eos Xsi Kit' title='Canon Eos Xsi Kit' />Canon Rebel XSi 4.D Guide. Published July 2.Coverage for drops, spills and product malfunctions No deductibles or hidden fees Free ground shipping on all repairs Fully transferable with gifts.Canon celebrates optical excellence with two production milestone achievements, 90 million EOS Cameras and 130 million EF Lenses produced.Note The Canon EOS Rebel XS 1000D has been replaced by the Canon EOS Rebel T3 1100D.The Canon EOS Rebel XS 1000D marks a break from Canons norm.Newly. Completing this Canon Rebel XSi guide was no easy task.Why The issue is both simple and complicated at the same time familiarity.The Rebel XSi also called the 4.D is the third Canon Digital Rebel that Ill have had the pleasure of using, and I can safely say that it wont be the last.By now, Ive become so used to the controls and features available on these cameras that I have a much harder time remaining impartial when I use one.Think of it like a movie that youve seen 5 times over by now the plot is so familiar that it doesnt generate the same level of excitement and suspense as it did the first time you saw it.Despite this level of comfort using the Digital Rebel cameras, Ive tried to approach this XSi guide as if I had never used a Canon digital SLR before.There are two main goals here Those just learning about the Canon XSi will find out why the Rebel cameras are so popular.Anyone familiar with Canon Rebel cameras will learn about the enhancements available in the XSi By the end of this Rebel XSi guide you should have a pretty good sense of what the camera can and cannot do, which will hopefully help you determine whether or not this is the best digital SLR for you.Quick Overview. 12 megapixel sensor for high quality 2.Compatible with all Canon EOS lenses.ISO settings from 1.Maximum shutter speed of 14.Stores photos on SD memory cards.Dust control system.LCDEnhanced dynamic range.Key Feature. The Canon Rebel XSi doesnt really have any defining feature that sets it apart from its competition except for its brand name.The predecessors to the XSi the Rebel x. Hack Facebook Send Friend Request Facebook . Ti and XT were at the top of the digital SLR best seller lists for months on end, and Im sure the XSi will join them.What the XSi offers is a complete package Plenty of megapixels for large prints.Image stabilization with the kit lensDust control.A three inch live view LCDExceptional image quality even at high ISOA compact lightweight frame.In addition to all of this, the Canon Rebel XSi is compatible with a huge number of Canon and third party lenses made by Tamron, Tokina and Sigma.This means that if you want to expand your lens collection in the future youll have plenty of options to choose from.It also helps if youre looking for some lens bargains, since you can purchased used Canon lenses that will work just fine, or you can purchase a third party lens which often costs less than the lenses made by Canon.Top of Page. Who The Canon Rebel XSi is For.Id say that first and foremost, this camera is a great choice for travel and spontaneous photographers.The small size and low weight make it easy to carry around at all times.The low noise at high ISO and image stabilized lens allow you to take photos without flash with little available light.The highlight control option improves image quality when you can only have one chance to take a photo.The first point doesnt really need explaining if a camera doesnt weigh you down, youre more likely to carry it with you wherever you go.The moment a photo opportunity presents itself, youll be ready.The second point highlights one of the key strengths of the Rebel XSi its ability to take high quality photos even in dim available light.When taking photos in dim available light, you need two camera features in order to get a photo thats not a blurry mess Low noise at high ISOImage Stabilization.Since the Rebel XSi generates very little noise even at ISO 1.AND comes packaged with a kit lens that includes Image Stabilization, its a low light photographers best friend.This is good news for anyone who cant manipulate light in places where flash is prohibited and have to work with what little available light exists.The highlight control option on the Rebel XSi called Highlight Tone Priority is best suited for those who want to take photos where theres a lot of contrast bright, direct sunlight Ill talk about this feature in greater detail later on in this Rebel XSi guide.To summarize the Rebel XSi is a great digital SLR for anyone who has little or no control over the available light in short, people who travel and only have once chance to take a photo and spontaneous photographers who often dont plan or set up their shots.But what about action photographyWhile the Rebel XSi can definitely be used to capture shots of fast moving action, if thats your primary reason for owning a digital SLR, youll be better off with the speedier Canon 4.D. Top of Page. In Comparison.Canon XSi vs. XTi.The XSi is the fourth digital Rebel to hit the shelves, and its closest alternative in the Rebel line is the highly regarded x.Ti. Lets take a quick comparative glance at the features available on each camera The additional 2 megapixels in the XSi is of relatively little consequence its not that big of a difference, and simply allows you to make larger size prints.The relative importance of the other differences between the XSi and x.Ti depend a lot on your style of photography DIFFERENCEANALYSISThe XSi has live view while the x.Ti does not. Live view is really only important if you want to compose your photos using both the viewfinder as well as the LCD.While composing with the LCD does allow you to take photos at odd angles without having your face pressed up to the camera it does come with its limitations, which Ill describe in more detail in just a moment.The LCD on the XSi is larger.A larger LCD is a great thing if youre changing menus a lot and reviewing your photos.Its also good for live view mode.If you dont see yourself using live view or changing menus a lot, then the larger LCD wont have a huge impact.The XSi has highlight control while the x.Ti does not. Highlight control preserves details in the bright areas of your photos when theres a lot of contrast when taking photos on a sunny day.The effect is pretty subtle, and you may not notice the difference between photos taken with highlight control vs.The XSi kit lens includes image stabilization.This is a big deal for photographers who take photos in low available light without flash.The stabilization helps to ensure that even photos taken with slow shutter speeds turn out clear.Of course, you can always buy an x.Ti camera body only without the kit lens and then buy a separate image stabilized lens to go with it.Bottom Line if you want to use both the viewfinder and LCD to compose images and expect to take lots of photos in extreme light very bright or very dim, then the XSi is a better bet than the x.Ti. Canon Rebel XSi vs.Other Manufacturers.The current cameras competing with the Rebel XSi include the Nikon D6.Olympus E 5. 20, the Pentax K2.D and the Sony DSLR A3.There are several advantages and disadvantages of these other camera models relative to the Rebel XSi CAMERAADVANTAGEDISADVANTAGENikon D6.The LCD on the D6.SLR photographers.The D6. 0 is only 1.Nikon lenses any with the AF S or AF I designation.By contrast, the XSi is compatible with any Canon EF lens including old ones from film SLR cameras.Olympus E 5. 20. The stabilization on the E 5.With the XSi, only the kit lens has stabilization many other lenses dont include it.There are not as many new 43 lenses for Olympus as there are EF lenses for Canon if having lens alternatives is important to you, then the Rebel XSi definitely has more.Pentax K2. 00. DThe K2.D has in body stabilization, is weather sealed and its compatible with virtually every lens ever made by Pentax.Has two less megapixels 1.LCD, and has a slow continuous drive speed 2.XSi. Sony DSLR A3.The live view LCD on the A3.Sony digital SLRs have yet to achieve the extremely low noise at high ISO settings that can be achieved with the XSi.This is the quick overview.In reality, how the Rebel XSi compares to cameras from other manufacturers has a lot more to do with your own personal preferences than what can be gleaned from the specifications alone.The differences I have listed above are the BIG ones but sometimes, the reason you like a camera comes down to something as simple as the menus are easier to read.Since thats the case, the best way to compare these cameras is to head on down to your local camera store and ask the clerk to let you try each one out.In the end, the look or feel of the camera might be much more important to you than what its capable of.Top of Page. How It Works. Installation Of Risers Under Well Construction Permit' title='Installation Of Risers Under Well Construction Permit' />TAN 1.Free Adobe Flash 8 Software Download '>Free Adobe Flash 8 Software Download .THE INSTALLATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS IN HISTORIC BUILDINGS by Historic Environment Scotland.TAN 1. Download Free Facebook Application For Nokia 3110C How Open . THE INSTALLATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS IN HISTORIC BUILDINGS Published on Jun 3.Reviews the case for sprinkler systems and provides design guidance for use when installing a system in an historic building.How To Build Septic Tank Systems.How To Build Septic Tank Systemsin 6 easy steps The Think Tank Septic Design Forumfor systems other than for the average home jump To You can avoid the cost of hiring a septic designer and excavator, but dont let friends convince you that these jobs are without value.Be aware that like buying property this aspect of homesteading, if not handled with cold reason and great care, could ruin Thanksgiving dinner and many restful nights sleep.How to build septic tank systems Its all here.Why not do it yourself Doing anything yourself can be heroic or crazy depending on the outcome.Installation Of Risers Under Well Construction Permit' title='Installation Of Risers Under Well Construction Permit' />In more than 2.Washington State, I have seen more than one home site ruined forever by sloppy excavation, poor water well placement and the dozens of other pitfalls awaiting an eager baron or baroness heading up the country with a heart full of dreams.Homeowners can save money and prove to their friends that they have mastered this aspect of house construction.However, be warned that a few down days with a rented backhoe can quickly eat up any anticipated saving by doing it yourself.Remember also that digging up a power line and darkening your block cannot only embarrass you but it could cost you more in repairs than your entire project budget.The skills of an experienced septic designer or excavator increase in value with smaller sites and in poor soil conditions.If you know in your heart that you lack these skills, dont risk your peace of mind.The site evaluationis step one Get a scale map of your property if you dont have one.The scale drawing below is from an application for a septic tank system that was drawn by a professional septic designer and submitted to the local health department.The site, classified as a difficult one, is for a small lot in a rural subdivision with a community water system tank in distance.At least a water well does not have to be worked into the layout.The closest neighbors house can be seen in the photo to the left.The dirt dug from the two test holes can be seen at the back of the lot at the edge of the farm field above and on either side of the green power transformer.The site is ready for the site evaluation with local health.Design and construction will be cramped.With small and tight lots, every inch of space is needed.A survey is usually advised to ensure that setbacks from property lines are met.Note the red survey steak marking the lot corner pin behind the transformer.Local health will usually provide a package of forms and information explaining the application process.The helpfulness of health inspectors is generally better in the rural counties, but they will not tell you how to build septic tank systems.That information follows Important note The site should not be cleared, scraped, leveled or otherwise disturbed until the details of the site layout have been figured out.If a water well is required on the site, it should be witched or located onlyafter a place has been found for the septic system.Images/Offshore-Subsea.jpg' alt='Installation Of Risers Under Well Construction Permit' title='Installation Of Risers Under Well Construction Permit' />Stepbystep instructions including design, permits, tools, and construction details.Besides the description of soil texture and depth, the site evaluation usually has a scale hand drawn map like the one above.The map must show the location of the test pits.Most health departments require this evaluation to be done by a licensed person.Also, the surrounding conditions are shown in scale including property lines, buildings, wells, pipes, paved areas, surrounding septic systems if known, roads, easements, trees and banks.You must also show slope direction, drainage ways, surface water, and surrounding land uses.You can go to your local health records to see what your health department requires here and to see if you can make your own map.The test pits and site exploration are by backhoe A couple of 6 foot or deeper pits are usually required by local health in most counties.The pits or test holes have replaced the traditional percolation or perc test that used to be common in most areas.Today, the soil expert must have one or two or more pits dug with a back hoe 5 or more feet deep, and wide enough and sloped so that he or she may walk down into them and sample the soil in the side walls.See the video clip above right.Soil stability and safety are always considered for the inspectors and for casual members of the public.Kids are drawn to equipment and holes in the dirt.Leaving the holes open for later inspection is inferior to having local health attend the site inspection and close things up in a single trip for the backhoe.If the holes must be kept open, say for a later visit by local health, barricade or safely cover the holes to keep the public out.The site evaluation by backhoe is a better test than the old perc test because it allows a wider look at the soil.Soil classification is next The soil classification system used in most places in the USA and in some other countries, is called the US Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Classification System.Be aware that the ability to determine such qualities as soil texture and soil structure comes with experience.If you blow the soil classification, you may wind up with less or more drainfield than you need.More drainfield means needless expense.Less drainfield means early failure, usually with guests over.The most restrictive soil type found in any of the pits in the area of the drainfield should guide your choice in the case of mixed or confusing soils anywhere within the drainfield area.Most test pits involve four or more soil types as you look down through the soil profile within each pit so study the soil directly below where the drainfield will be between 3.You nowdetermine the area of trenchfor your home Dig a couple of six foot holes at each end of your drainfield area and check the soil type.How to use the chart In spite of what you think, the drainfield size is not dependent on the number of bathrooms or fixtures in the home.Almost all health departments use the number of bedrooms in a home as a way to size drainfields.The number of people in the house usually two to a bedroom, and their usual daily water use usually sixty gallons per person per day, is how the flow rate is established.This flow rate of about three hundred sixty gallons of water use per day inside a three bedroom house determines the amount of sewage that must be sent to the drainfield.Once you have decided what type of soil is found under your future drainfield, look up the drainfield area required for your house size in the chart below and you have the required drainfield size.Note The chart below was compiled from the rules of various states and many years of practical experience.Your county may have very different sizes and by law you must use the chart from your local health department.Drainfield Size Chart.Soil Class.USDASoil Type 5 ft below grade in drainfield area by digging a person sized test pit at each end 2 Bedroom House 2.Bedroom House 3.Bedroom House 4. 80 gallons of sewage day.Commercial Projects for every 1.Coarse Sand most sand soils will require pressure distribution if gravel is present andor the lot is small.Medium Sand. In the Computer section, WSUS displays the update status of each computer with a red X if an update has failed.You can run a report on such computer by.SOLVED WSUS clients are not showing up in WSUS admin console Here is some information for you I would lean toward the GPO not applying correctlyQ Ive applied my GPO, but no clients are showing up in the WSUS console.Whats going on There are number of reasons for this and not all of them are listed here.Please read through these carefully Not enough time has passed for the clients to check in automatically.Describes an update that supports Windows 10 service through WSUS and fixes the incorrect display of Windows 10based computers as Windows Vista in Windows Server.Make sure that youve allowed enough time for the clients to check into the WSUS server.Ive seen clients check in as quickly as 1.Frequency of the GPOs being applied to the computer wuau.The Office File Validation AddIn for Office 2003 and Office 2007 has appeared on Microsoft Update as an important update.It has a disastrous effect on.Um besser zu steuern welche Updates auf einem WSUSServer liegen bzw.Abhngigkeit welche Updates von Clients.GPO is applied at all.The time that you specified in your GPO for client check ins under the GPO setting Automatic Updates Check in Frequency.Frequency of computer restarts and resultant GPO refreshes.Frequency of computer connection to the AD or whatever method you are using to propagate the WSUS client settings.To force the computer to refresh the machine policy note that this does not force a WU Agent refresh, do the following Windows 2.Windows XP7 2. K32.K8 gpupdate force.Potential duplicate clients using the same WSUS SIDVerify that you are not using cloned images without some sort of SID generation tool Microsoft Sysprep, Sys.Internals New. Sid, or Nortons Ghost. How To Download Games To Ps3 Jailbreak Files . Add Kb Update To Wsus Registry' title='Add Kb Update To Wsus Registry' />Walk, for example.You may need to resolve this issue by deleting the registry keys that contain the WSUS SID information HKLMSOFTWAREMicrosoftWindowsCurrent.VersionWindows. UpdateAccount.Domain. Sid. HKLMSOFTWAREMicrosoftWindowsCurrent.VersionWindows. UpdatePing.IDHKLMSOFTWAREMicrosoftWindowsCurrent.VersionWindows. UpdateSus.Client. Id. 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Id fnetstart wuauservwuaucltresetauthorization detectnow.Pause. Invalid GPO settings or GPO not being applied correctly to the clients.This is probably the 1 reasonwhy clients are not showing up in the WSUS administration console.Check and recheck your settings and make sure that you are applying your GPO properly Remember that the WSUS GPO is a computer based GPO.If youve applied it to an OU where only user objects are stored, you will not see any computers appear in the WSUS console.Information on Windows Group Policies http technet.Check to verify that you are receiving the WSUS policy on the client computer Windows 2.GPResult. exe http download.NT5EN USgpresult.Windows XP7 2. K32.K8 Resultant Set of Policies Rso.P MMC snap in or GPResult built in. Features and Commands in Microsoft Word 2010 Menus and Toolbars.The following tabs list all features and commands included in Classic Menu for Word 2010 it is part.Microsoft Word quickly adds an editable figure number through its Insert Caption function to make referencing images and graphs intuitive.You can change this number.About those desktop programs youre still clinging to Microsoft Office You can use it for free online, and Google Docs is even better.TunesMastering Styles and Document Themes.For the last lesson in this Geek School series, were going to show you how to use Styles, Style Sets, and Themes to save a lot of time when formatting your documents by creating reusable settings that can be applied to all of your documents.Styles. Up until now, youve been learning about how to create documents and implement formatting bit by bit.In other words, you create a document and changes you make are typically localized.In this lesson, we step back a bit and show you how styles can take the work out of creating a consistent look and feel that you can control from a central location rather than having to needlessly apply changes to each and every part.Styles are very useful for generating a table of contents but that is but only one use for them.The main function for styles is to allow you to quickly set titles, subheadings, section headings apart from one another by giving them unique fonts, font characteristics, and sizes.By grouping these characteristics into styles, you can create documents that have a consistent look without having to manually format each section header.Instead you set the style and you can control every heading set as that style from central location.With styles you can Apply a consistent look across the whole document instead of having to format each section individually.Automatically number section headers.Apply same font to the entire text body.Apply the same font to header sections.Use a consistent paragraph spacing.Microsoft Word Update Figure Captions' title='Microsoft Word Update Figure Captions' />This tutorial is here to teach you the various ways to save, or open existing files in Microsoft Word.It will also show you the various nerdy ways you can close a.Pick a default color scheme for Smart.Art, charts, and shapes.Pick from a number of pre designed styles use them as your own and modify them.Lets go over some examples to give you a better idea of what some of these mean.First, note the Styles section on the Home tab. 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It expands to reveal more Click on the small arrow in the lower right corner for a floating Styles panel.This windows stays visible so you can use it as you work through your documents.You can move it outside the application window, and also dock it right or left side of it.The style dialog box like format shape floats independent of Microsoft Word.That means you can move it outside the document to make more room or even more it to a second monitor if you are using dual monitors.Click options and you can select how the styles pane is shown and sorted Each style can be applied differently and you can hover over the symbol to the right to see exactly how it is applied.If you click on that symbol, you are presented with a dropdown options menu, which gives you further control over the styles in your current document.You can modify a selected style, which will apply to all instances of that style throughout the document.In this case, there are 1.Here you can also select or clear all instances of that style, and remove it completely from the style gallery.Along the bottom of the pane are three buttons, which have some pretty important functions.New Style. If you click new style the resulting dialog box will let you create a new style using existing formatting.As you apply new characteristics to the style, you can see how it will look in the preview.You can dig into the nitty gritty specifics of the style including the format, such as if you want it to have bullets, borders, fonts, text effects, and so on.From there, you can add the style to just that document, or you can add it to the template so every document has that style from there on.Style Inspector. Use the style inspector to inspect styles throughout your document.This feature is useful for stripping formatting or further changing it.You can also click each style for a drop down options menu, allowing you to modify and build a new style, select all instances of that style in the document or completely clear them.Click the bottom left button to show the reveal formatting pane to see how your document is formatted.This is somewhat similar to or at least hearkens back to Reveal Codes in Word.Perfect. Manage Styles.The manage styles button allows you to quickly edit styles such as to modify their appearance, reorder their recommended order of appearance, restrict which ones are available, and set new defaults to current styles.Its useful to know how to take control of your styles because used well and wisely, they can give you a lot of power with your documents.Style Sets. The Design tab brings all of the formatting options you can apply to a document in one place.Document Formatting section shows you how the heading and text would look if you pick one of the combinations there.Each of these combinations is called a Style Set.If you briefly hover over each style set, the formatting of your document will change to preview how it would look.If you click on the style set, it will be applied to your current document.This is non destructive, so if you dont like the new style, you can just as easily change it.Similar to other sections throughout Word, if you click the scrollbar on the right edge, it will expand to a full menu.Further options at the bottom allow you to reset your style set to the default or save your current style as a new set.The right side of the document formatting section contains functions for changing your colors, fonts, paragraph spacing, add effects, and set your changes as the default style set.Changing the colors simply means that shapes, Smart.Art, charts, and text will affected.There are plenty of built in color schemes to choose from, however, if none these strike your fancy, or you have specific colors you want to use, you can click Customize Color at the bottom.Here youll have virtually limitless choices, and you can save your new custom color set and use it later.The Fonts menu contains predefined schemes that you can select based on the old Office theme, or a font family.Select Customize Fonts at the bottom of the menu to quickly create a new custom set based on your personal favorite font family.In the screenshot below, we see you can assign a heading font and body font and then give it a name, save it, and then apply it to your current and future documents set as default.If you choose a new font style, you can see it reflected in the font section of the Home tab.Paragraph Spacing contains a variety of built in styles, which should please all but the most picky.Again, to see how your document is affected by these, you can hover over each one and the changes will be previewed in your document.Note the Custom Paragraph Spacing option at the bottom of this menu.The effects menu allows you to quickly change the effect of design elements such as shapes, Smart.Art, and charts. If you want to preserve any changes to your style set permanently as the default, then you can click set as default.A dialog box will appear asking you to confirm.Finally, if you want to use a custom style set in the future, but you do not want to apply it as the default.You can save it as a template file.Right click on the style set and then Save.Note, well cover templates shortly.Here you should simply know that if you want to use your new custom template in the future, you would only need to double click on the.Word. Note the option Add Gallery to Quick Access Toolbar simply means that if you want quick access to the document formatting gallery, it can be accessed from the QAT at the top of the Word window.Modifying Styles.Suppose we only want to modify Heading 2.For example, lets say we want to center, bold, and italicize it.The quickest way to do this would be to change the selected style, then right click on that style in the Styles section on the Home tab, in this case Heading 2, and select Update Heading 2 to Match Selection.All instances of Heading 2 will now reflect your changes throughout the document.Themes. The style set you are greeted with when you click on the Design tab comprises the Office theme.Other themes can be accessed by clicking on the Themes button on the left of the Design tab.A theme comprises a whole new bunch of style sets, each with its own fonts, color, spacing and anything else previously discussed.Note at the bottom, there are further options to rest the theme to the template, browse for custom themes on your computer, as well as save the current theme, assuming youve altered or customized it, as a new theme.This is different from saving a style set.Remember, a style set saves as a template file.Features and Commands in Microsoft Word 2.Menus and Toolbars.Features and Commands in Microsoft Word 2.Menus and Toolbars.The following tabs list all features and commands included in Classic Menu for Word 2.Classic Menu for Office 2.Main Menu of Word 2.These features included in v.File. Edit. View.Insert. Format. Tools.Table. Reference.Mailings. Window.Help. File. New. Open.CloseSave. Save As Other Format.Save As Other FormatSingle Web Page Save As.Word 9. DocumentConvert.Prepare. Properties.Inspect Document.Check Accessibility.Check Compatibility.Publish. Send. Mail Recipient.Reply with Changes.Send for Review. E mail.E mail as PDF Attachment.E mail as XPS Attachment.Exchange Folder. Internet FaxSend to Microsoft Power.PointWeb Page Preview.View your web pages inside your default browser.Restrict Permission.Check Out. Check In.View Version HistoryPage Setup.Show the Page Setup dialog box.Text Direction. Customize the text layout direction in the document or selected text box.Margins. Select the margin sizes for the entire document or the current section.Orientation. Switch the pages between portrait and landscape layouts.Size. Choose a paper size for the current section.To apply a specific paper size to all sections in the document, click More Paper Sizes.Columns. Split text into two or more columns.Breaks. Add page, section, or column breaks to the document.Line Numbers. Add line numbers in the margin alongside of each line of the document.Hyphenation. Turn on hyphenation, which allows Word to break lines between the syllables of words.Books and magazines hyphenate their text in order to have more uniform spacing between words.Watermark. Insert ghosted text behind the content on the page.This is often used to indicate that a document is to be treated specially, such as Confidential or Urgent.Page Color. Choose a color for the background of the page.Page Borders. Add or change the border around the page.Header. Edit the header of the document.The content in the Header will appear at the top of each printed page.Footer. Edit the footer of the document.The content in the footer will appear at the bottom of each printed page.Page Number. Insert page numbers into the document.Print Preview. PrintView Document Properties.Open Recent File.Exit. Edit. Undo.RedoCut. Cut the selection and put it on the Clipboard.Copy. Copy the selection and put it on the Clipboard.Office Clipboard.Show the Office Clipboard Task Pane.Paste. Click here for more options such as pasting only the values or formatting.Paste Special. Paste as HyperlinkCle ar.Clear Formats. Clear only the formatting that is applied to the selected cells.Contents. Select.Select text or objects in the document.Use Select Object to allow you to select objects that have been positioned behind the text.Find Select. Find and select specific text, formatting, or type of information within the document.You can also replace the information with new text or formatting.Replace. Replace text in the document.Edit Links to Files.Object. Show the Options dialog box.View. Draft. View the document as a draft to quickly edit the text.Certain elements of the document such as headers and footers will not be visible in this view.Web Layout. View the document as it would look as a Web page.Print Layout. View the document as it will appear on the printed page.Full Screen Reading.View the document in full screen Reading View in order to maximize the space available for reading or commenting on the document.Outline. View the document as an outline and show the outlining tools.Ruler. View the rulers, used to measure and line up objects in the document.Show Paragraph Marks.Show paragraph marks and other hidden formatting symbols.View Gridlines. Turn on gridlines to which you can align objects in the document.Thumbnails. Open the Thumbnails pane, which you can use to navigate a long document through small pictures of each page.Document Map. Open the Document Map, which allows you to navigate through a structural view of the document.Selection Pane. Show the Selection Pane to help select individual objects and to change their order and visibility.Document Actions.Open the Document Actions Task Pane.Navigation Pane. Open the Navigation Pane, which allows you to navigate through the document by heading, by page, or by searching for text or objects.Header Footer. Header.Edit the header of the document.The content in the Header will appear at the top of each printed page.Footer. Edit the footer of the document.The content in the footer will appear at the bottom of each printed page.Page Number. Insert page numbers into the document.Show Notes. Scroll the document to show where the footnotes or endnotes are located.Show Markup. Choose what kind of markup to show in the document.You can hide or show comments, insertions and deletions, formatting changes, and other kinds of markup.Reviewing Pane. Click here to choose a layout in which to display the Reviewing Pane.Zoom. Show the Zoom dialog box to specify the zoom level of the document.In most cases, you can also use the zoom controls in the status bar at the bottom of the window to quickly zoom the document.Zoom the document to 1.One Page. Zoom the document so that an entire page fits in the window.Two Pages. Zoom the document so that two pages fit in the window.Page Width. Zoom the document so that the width of the page matches the width of the window.Full Screen. View the document in full screen mode.Properties. Insert.Page Break. Page Number.Insert page numbers into the document.Date Time. Insert the current date or time into the current document.Quick Parts. Insert reusable pieces of content, including fields, document properties such as title and author, or any preformatted snippets you create.Field. Insert a field.Symbol. Insert symbols that are not on your keyboard, such as copyright symbols, trademark symbols, paragraph marks, and Unicode characters.Equation. Insert common mathematical equations or build up your own equations using a library of math symbols.Comments. New Comment.Add a comment about the selection.Delete. Click here to delete all of the comments in the document or just the ones that are shown on the screen.Previous. Navigate to the previous comment in the document.Next. Navigate to the next comment in the document.Ink Comment. Add an ink comment about the selection, in which you can write comments with the pen.Pen. Choose a pen style and color to write comments with.Eraser. Erase ink from the comment.Number. Insert the slide number.The slide number reflects the position of the slide within the presentation.Start Inking. Create and edit pen and highlighter strokes.Web Component. Illustrations.Clip Art. Insert Clip Art into the document, including drawings, movies, sounds, or stock photography to illustrate a specific concept.Picture. Insert a picture from a file.Ink Drawing and Writing.Insert ink text or drawings into a rich text field.New Drawing Canvas.Shapes. Insert ready made shapes, such as rectangles and circles, arrows, lines, flowchart symbols, and callouts.Word. Art. Insert decorative text in your document.Chart. Insert a chart to illustrate and compare data.Bar, Pie, Line, Area, and Surface are some of the available types.Smart. Art. Insert a Smart.Art graphic to visually communicate information.Smart. Art graphics range from graphical lists and process diagrams to more complex graphics, such as Venn diagrams and organization charts.Screenshot. Insert a picture of any program that is not minimized to the taskbar.Click Screen Clipping to insert a picture of any part of the screen.Text Box. Insert preformatted text boxes.Text from File. Insert the text from a file into your publication.If you have a text box selected, the text is added to the selected text box otherwise, a new text box is created.Object. Insert an embedded object.Bookmark. Create a bookmark to assign a name to a specific point in a document.You can make hyperlinks that jump directly to a bookmarked location.Hyperlink. Create a link to a Web page, a picture, an e mail address, or a program.Cover Page. Insert a fully formatted cover page.You fill in the title, author, date, and other information.Signature Line. Insert a signature line that specifies the individual who must sign. Exam. Within 3. 0 minutes of completing your Oracle Certification exam, you will receive an email from Oracle notifying you that your exam results are available in Cert.View. If you have previously authenticated your Cert.View account, simply login and select the option to See My New Exam Result Now.If you have not authenticated your Cert.View account yet at this point, you will need to proceed with your account authentication.Authentication requires an Oracle Single Sign On username and password and the following information from your Pearson VUE profile email address and Oracle Testing ID.You will be taken to Cert.View to log in once your account has been authenticated.Java Inventory Program Part 6' title='Java Inventory Program Part 6' />Take the Test when youre ready Buy an Exam Voucher.Purchase an exam voucher now and redeem it within 6 months its like a gift card.Buy a Voucher. The HP App Catalog was an app store for apps for the mobile devices running WebOS.On 6 June 2009, WebOS launched on the Palm Pre with 18 available apps.Why would you choose java over others Why did you choose java to program your application Please include what you are using java for desktop application web.Find internships and employment opportunities in the largest internship marketplace. Canon Pixma Mp160 Printer Installation Software . Search paid internships and part time jobs to help start your career. Candara.jpg' alt='Candara Bold Italic Font Download' title='Candara Bold Italic Font Download' />Arial Wikipedia.Arial, sometimes marketed or displayed in software as Arial MT, is a sans seriftypeface and set of computer fonts.Fonts from the Arial family are packaged with all versions of Microsoft Windows from Windows 3.Microsoftsoftware applications,1Apple.Mac OS X2 and many Post.Script 3 computer printers.The typeface was designed in 1.Robin Nicholas and Patricia Saunders, for Monotype Typography.It was created to be metrically identical to the popular typeface Helvetica, with all character widths identical, so that a document designed in Helvetica could be displayed and printed correctly without having to pay for a Helvetica license.The Arial typeface comprises many styles Regular, Italic, Medium, Medium Italic, Bold, Bold Italic, Black, Black Italic, Extra Bold, Extra Bold Italic, Light, Light Italic, Narrow, Narrow Italic, Narrow Bold, Narrow Bold Italic, Condensed, Light Condensed, Bold Condensed, and Extra Bold Condensed.Windows Xp 1. Download font httpwww.Join Dennis Taylor for an indepth discussion in this video, Exploring font styles and effects, part of Excel 2016 Essential Training.This generator uses the ABarcode technology to create barcode images that you can easily copy download for free.Enter the data to be encoded and select one of the.The extended Arial type family includes more styles Rounded Light, Regular, Bold, Extra Bold Monospaced Regular, Oblique, Bold, Bold Oblique.Many of these have been issued in multiple font configurations with different degrees of language support.The most widely used and bundled Arial fonts are Arial Regular, Italic, Bold, and Bold Italic the same styles of Arial Narrow and Arial Black.More recently, Arial Rounded has also been widely bundled.Design characteristicsedit.Some of the more visible differences between Helvetica and Arial.Bitstream Vera, an unrelated sans serif in the humanist style, is shown below for comparison.Embedded in version 3.Open. Type version of Arial is the following description of the typeface A contemporary sans serif design, Arial contains more humanist characteristics than many of its predecessors and as such is more in tune with the mood of the last decades of the twentieth century.The overall treatment of curves is softer and fuller than in most industrial style sans serif faces.Terminal strokes are cut on the diagonal which helps to give the face a less mechanical appearance.Arial is an extremely versatile family of typefaces which can be used with equal success for text setting in reports, presentations, magazines etc, and for display use in newspapers, advertising and promotions.In 2. 00. 5, Robin Nicholas said, It was designed as a generic sans serif almost a bland sans serif.Arial is a neo grotesque typeface a design based on the influence of nineteenth century sans serifs, but made more regular and even to be more suited to continuous body text and to form a cohesive family of fonts.Apart from the need to match Helvetica, the letter shapes of Arial are also strongly influenced by Monotypes own Monotype Grotesque designs, released in or by the 1.New Grotesque, an abortive redesign from 1.The designs of the R, G and r also resemble Gill Sans.The changes cause the typeface to nearly match Linotype.Helvetica in both proportion and weight see figure, and perfectly match in width.Monotype executive Allan Haley observed, Arial was drawn more rounded than Helvetica, the curves softer and fuller and the counters more open.The ends of the strokes on letters such as c, e, g and s, rather than being cut off on the horizontal, are terminated at the more natural angle in relation to the stroke direction.Matthew Carter, a consultant for IBM during its design process, described it as a Helvetica clone, based ostensibly on their Grots 2.The styling of Arabic glyphs comes from Times New Roman, which have more varied stroke widths than the Latin, Greek, Cyrillic glyphs found in the font.Arial Unicode MS uses monotone stroke widths on Arabic glyphs, similar to Tahoma.The Cyrillic, Greek and Coptic Spacing Modifier Letters glyphs initially introduced in Arial Unicode MS, but later debuted in Arial version 5.A 2. 01. 0 Princeton University study involving presenting students with text in a font slightly more difficult to read found that they consistently retained more information from material displayed in so called disfluent or ugly fonts Monotype Corsiva, Haettenschweiler, Comic Sans Italicized were used than in a simple, more readable font such as Arial.HistoryeditIBM debuted two printers for the in office publishing market in 1.DPI 3. 80. 0 3 laserxerographic printer, and the 6.DPI 4. 25. 0 electro erosion laminate typesetter.Monotype was under contract to supply bitmap fonts for both printers.The fonts for the 4.IBM in 1. 98. 3,1.Helvetica, which Monotype sub licensed from Linotype.For the 3. 80. 0 3, Monotype replaced Helvetica with Arial.The hand drawn Arial artwork was completed in 1.Monotype by a 1. 0 person team led by Robin Nicholas and Patricia Saunders51.Monotype at 2. 40 DPI expressly for the 3.IBM named the font Sonoran Sans Serif due to licensing restrictions and the manufacturing facilitys location Tucson, Arizona, in the Sonoran Desert,91.Sonoran Sans Serif family, a functional equivalent of Monotype Arial, would be available for licensed use in the 3.There were initially 1.Roman medium, Roman bold, italic medium, and italic bold, for a total of 5.Each contained 2.Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Spanish, and Swedish.Monotype and IBM later expanded the family to include 3.DPI bitmaps and characters for additional languages.In 1. 98. 9, Monotype produced Post.Script Type 1 outline versions of several Monotype fonts,1.Post. Script version of Arial was not available until 1.In the meantime, a company called Birmy marketed a version of Arial in a Type 1 compatible format.In 1. 99. 0, Robin Nicholas, Patricia Saunders51.Steve Matteson developed a True.Type outline version of Arial which was licensed to Microsoft.In 1. 99. 2, Microsoft chose Arial to be one of the four core True.Type fonts in Windows 3.Helvetica. 1. 51.Matthew Carter has noted that the deal was complex and included a bailout of Monotype, which was in financial difficulties, by Microsoft.Microsoft would later extensively fund the development of Arial as a font that supported many languages and scripts.Monotype employee Rod Mac.Donald noted As to the widespread notion that Microsoft did not want to pay licensing fees for Helvetica, Monotype director Allan Haley has publicly stated, more than once, that the amount of money Microsoft paid over the years for the development of Arial could finance a small country.Arial ultimately became one of several clones of Post.Script standard fonts created by Monotype in collaboration with or sold to Microsoft around this time, including Century Gothic a clone of ITC Avant Garde, Book Antiqua Palatino and Bookman Old Style ITC Bookman.True. TypeOpen. Type version historyeditThis section needs expansion.You can help by adding to it.May 2. Version 2. Camera Web S Vision Perfect Choice Software Inc . Hebrew designed by Baruch Gorkin2.Arabic glyphs, with most of Arabic added on non italic fonts.Version 5. 0. 0 added support for Latin C and Latin D, IPA Extension, Greek Extended, Cyrillic Supplement, and Coptic characters.Version 9. 0. 0 added support for Latin E, Cyrillic Extended B and C.DistributioneditTrue.Type editions of Arial have shipped as part of Microsoft Windows since the introduction of Windows 3.Since 1. 99. 9, Microsoft Office has shipped with Arial Unicode MS, a version of Arial that includes many international characters from the Unicode standard.This version of the typeface is the most widely distributed pan Unicode font.Arial MT, a Post.Script version of the Arial font family, was distributed with Acrobat Reader 4 and 5.Post. Script does not require support for a specific set of fonts, but Arial and Helvetica are among the 4.Post. Script Level 3 devices typically support.Mac OS X was the first Mac OS version to include Arial it was not included in classic Mac OS.The operating system ships with Arial, Arial Black, Arial Narrow, and Arial Rounded MT.However, the default Mac OS X font for sans serifSwiss generic font family is Helvetica.The bundling of Arial with Windows and Mac OS X has contributed to it being one of the most widely distributed and used typefaces in the world.In 1. 99. 6, Microsoft launched the Core fonts for the Web project to make a standard pack of fonts for the Internet.Arial in True. Type format was included in this project. Soudis catalogue 1 by JMD Distribution. Iata cel mai nou videoclip Inna, despre care se zvoneste ca ar fi costat mai mult de 50. 000 Euro. Kilauea Mount Etna Mount Yasur Mount Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira Piton de la Fournaise Erta Ale. Over 100,000 HQ DivX TV Movies All DVD Quality 99. 99 Active Links The Fastest Streams Updated Daily No Cams And we love you too. UpdateStar is compatible with Windows platforms. UpdateStar has been tested to meet all of the technical requirements to be compatible with Windows 10, 8. 1, Windows 8. Nero 2. 01. 8 Platinum Award winning all rounder.Listen to and record from more than 1.The Two Phone, Two Terabyte Mobile Setup.The future is hell when it comes to device compatibility.Aside from updates bricking devices or rendering them obsolete, youll eventually need to buy all new cables, connectors, and compatible devices to keep everything running Im looking at you, USB C.The future is hell when it comes to device compatibility.Aside from updates bricking devices or rendering them obsolete, youll eventually need to buy allnew.Its a hassle, especially when something as simple as your headphones can cause a world of headaches.We hate to break it to you, but the traditional USB ports youve used to connect your cameras,Read more Read.I played a lot of makebelieve as a child.Id take my dads spare gun holster and draw guns made of air from it, or steal my sisters cape, emblazoned with an.Flickr user Roman Sulovsky showed off his own gear, stuffed with enough cables and data storage to future proof himself for a few years until cables are a thing of the past, I assume.Heres all the sweet gear inside Romans Quicksilver messenger bag We know youve got a cool bag with some smart ideas inside, so let us know Share your bag in our Lifehacker Go Bag Show and Tell Flickr pool, shoot me a message through the link below, or post it to your own Kinja blog with the tag featured bag. Juegos De Sonic Smash Brothers 2 Hacked there. The photo has to be at least 8.Facebook Cover Maker Full Setup' title='Facebook Cover Maker Full Setup' />Newsletter with articles on current research finds, industry news, job listings and event schedules.Includes sign up form and information about the company. Tunnel Under Sidewalks and Driveways.Tunneling Tips for Sidewalks and Driveways.DEAR TIM Im installing some low voltage lighting in the planting beds in front of my home.But a sidewalk is blocking me from running the cable from bed to bed.I dont want to have to break apart the concrete or saw cut a small groove through it.Is there an easy way to go under the sidewalk with disturbing it Surely you had to do this once or twice as a builder and can share your secret tools and tricks.Mike S, Kalamazoo, MIDEAR MIKE How right you are.I cant think of the number of times I had to extend a drain pipe, cable, irrigation line, gas line, etc.Sometimes, the task was easy other times it was a nightmare.But youre correct in thinking, I learned some creative solutions to the different challenges.CLICK HERE to get FREE FAST BIDS from local handymen that can create a tunnel for you.Giant Pushed Pipe.Install Pvc Pipe Under Sidewalk' title='Install Pvc Pipe Under Sidewalk' />My first inspiration for creating invisible pathways came from my fantastic backhoe operator Jimmy Rolfes, Sr.We had to extend a pipe under a six foot wide sidewalk and digging a tunnel by hand with a duckbill shovel gave me a headache just thinking about it much less from doing it.For decades, photo and video equipment was designed and tested with only white subjects in mind.Lighting darker skin tones takes a different approach than lighting.So that manhole cover in your sidewalk is where the meter is In MN we have our meters inside the house with a municipal shutoff buried well below frost in the middle.Bore through your homes rim joist, and run copper pipe and cable through the hole and to the ground.Make the conversion from copper to PVC at ground.Diverting roof runoff properly makes for a less slippery yard and walkway.Jimmy showed up at the job site with a large 1.He dug a two foot deep trench perpendicular to the sidewalk and laid the pipe into the trench with the pointed end towards the sidewalk.He positioned his backhoe and used the hydraulic power of the machine to push the pipe under the sidewalk.The entire operation took about five minutes.Sleeve It. After he pulled the long pipe back out with a chain, a perfect 6 inch diameter hole was there under the sidewalk.I immediately installed a 4 inch PVC pipe that extended on either side of the sidewalk about 6 inches.This sleeve would allow someone in the future to get more cables under the sidewalk.I marked the location of the sleeve on the edge of the sidewalk with a grinder cut.Smaller Secret. You dont need this type of machine or tool to solve your problem, but the point is, there are creative ways to tunnel under the surface.I learned another fantastic trick from a fellow plumber that might work for you.We had to extend a new 4 inch diameter sewer line from an existing house to a new detached garage pool house that was seven feet away.There was a sidewalk between the house and the new room addition that could not be disturbed.We drilled a six inch diameter hole through the concrete foundation of the house so a 4 inch PVC pipe could be inserted and tilted at a slight upward angle for drainage purposes.Inch PVC Hypodermic Needle.This plumber used a reciprocating saw to cut a chisel point on a scrap piece of 4 inch PVC pipe.The tip of the pipe looked like a giant hypodermic needle.This is what the end of the PVC pipe looked liked before we started to tap it in the ground under the sidewalk.It worked GREAT. 2.Tim Carter. We inserted the pipe into the hole and tapped a block of wood fitted against the end of the pipe with a sledge hammer until it pierced into the clay soil about 4 inches.Using a large pipe wrench we rotated the pipe so that the chisel point end cut out a soil plug.We pulled the pipe back into the basement, removed the soil from the inside and repeated the operation.Within an hour, we had a perfect pathway created that passed from the existing basement under the footer of the new building.CLICK HERE to get FREE FAST BIDS from local handymen that can create a tunnel for you. Centos Install Linux Kernel Sources . Inch PVC Works. You can do this exact same thing to create your pathway, but use a smaller one and one half inch diameter PVC pipe.Youll have to hand dig a trench as my backhoe operator did so that the pipe you are using is parallel with the top surface of the sidewalk.If your soil is rocky, youll probably have to use a steel pipe with the chisel cut instead of the more fragile plastic piping.PVC Tunnel Tool Video.Watch this video showing how to use a small diameter PVC pipe to create one of these magic tunnels.Use Water. Another ingenious method thats somewhat messy, yet effective, is cutting a pathway using a pressure washer.If your wand has a 0 degree tip, youll be in business.A 0 degree tip creates a powerful narrow stream of water not much wider than a pipe cleaner.Youll have to dig a similar trench perpendicular to the sidewalk so you can get the wand parallel with the top surface of the sidewalk.Heres a pressure washer and the wand has a 0 degree tip.You also can see the business end of a duck billed trenching shovel.Tim Carter. Protect Your Eyes.Wear goggles as the high pressure stream of water will blast out mud, small stones, etc.This method is very effective and depending upon your soil type, you can create a pathway in a matter of minutes.Stop the spray every few minutes to inspect the size of the pathway you are creating.A 2 inch diameter pathway one foot under the sidewalk should not create any type of structural problem for the sidewalk.Sleeve It Same Time.If you use a pressure washer, you can actually use a pipe to help control the size of the tunnel.As you start to cut the soil with the water insert a pipe that is a little longer than the sidewalk is wide.Slide the pressure washing wand into the pipe and start to tap the pipe under the sidewalk as the water cuts the channel.As you remove mud and rocks, tap the end of the pipe with a sledge hammer to drive the pipe.Do this every two inches or so.Protect the end of the pipe with a block of wood to prevent cracking it with the sledge hammer.If the end of the pipe is always in contact with the soil as the water blasts away, youll only remove as much soil as the outer diameter of the pipe that is surrounding the wand.Leave the pipe in place once the pathway is created to eliminate settlement problems.Always Sleeve It.Once your tunnel is created, always install some sort of PVC sleeve.Youll never regret doing this in case you need to run another cable or irrigation line at a future time.Be sure to mark where the sleeve is.If you want to minimize or eliminate any settlement problems, fill the cavity with sand after the electric cable is installed.Pour sand into the hole and use water from a garden hose to help move it under the sidewalk.Hand Dig. You can dig pathways by hand with a special duck billed shovel.These tools have 1.But the limit of the digging is limited to about half the length of the shovel.Its also very hard to drive the shovel into soil when youre on your knees or twisted like a pretzel in a larger trench.PVC Needles The Best.The chisel point pipe method works very well if your soil is primarily clay or a sandy clay.The twisting motion of the pipe cuts a crisp soil plug each time.Use a smaller diameter pipe shoved into the pointed pipe to remove the soil plug.CLICK HERE to get FREE FAST BIDS from local handymen that can create a tunnel for you. |
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